more typo
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@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
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"## Motivation\n",
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"Why we care about solving Ax=b? in numerical methods (e.g., arises in ODEs, PDEs, optimization, physics).\n",
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"\n",
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"Exact solution: $ x=A^{-1}b $, but computing $ A^{-1} $ explicitly is costly/unstable.\n",
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"Exact solution: $x = A^{-1}b$, but computing $A^{-1}$ explicitly is costly/unstable.\n",
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"\n",
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"Numerical algorithms instead use factorizations or iterative schemes.\n",
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"\n",
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@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
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"q_1 = \\frac{a_1}{\\|a_1\\|}\n",
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"$$\n",
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"$$\n",
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"q_k = \\frac{a_k - \\sum_{j=1}^{k-1} (q_j \\cdot a_k) q_j}{\\left\\|a_k - \\sum_{j=1}^{k-1} (q_j \\cdot a_k) q_j\\right\\|}\n",
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"q_k = \\frac{a_k - \\sum_{j=1}^{k-1} (q_j \\cdot a_k) q_j}{\\left\\|a_k - \\sum_{j=1}^{k-1} (q_j \\cdot a_k) q_j\\right\\|}, \\qquad k = 2, \\ldots, n\n",
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"$$\n",
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"\n",
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"Matrix form:\n",
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@@ -236,17 +236,17 @@
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"\n",
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"We want to solve\n",
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"\n",
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"$$ \\min_x \\|Ax - b\\|_2. $$\n",
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"$$ \\min_x \\Vert Ax - b \\Vert_2^2. $$\n",
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"\n",
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"If $A = QR$, then\n",
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"\n",
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"$$ \\min_x \\|Ax - b\\|_2 = \\min_x \\|QRx - b\\|_2. $$\n",
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"$$ \\min_x \\Vert Ax - b \\Vert_2^2 = \\min_x \\Vert QRx - b \\Vert_2^2. $$\n",
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"\n",
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"Since $Q$ has orthonormal columns:\n",
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"Since $Q$ has orthonormal columns, and the normal equations boils down to\n",
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"\n",
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"$$ R x = Q^T b. $$\n",
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"$$ R x = Q^T b, $$\n",
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"\n",
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"So we can solve using back-substitution.\n"
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"we can therefore solve for $x$ by using back-substitution.\n"
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]
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},
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{
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@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
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"source": [
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"## 2. Bisection Method\n",
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"\n",
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"**Assumption (Intermediate Value Theorem):** If f is continuous on ([a,b]) and (f(a),f(b) < 0),\n",
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"**Assumption (Intermediate Value Theorem):** If f is continuous on $[a,b]$ and $f(a),f(b) < 0$,\n",
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"then there exists $x^\\star$ in (a,b) with $f(x^\\star)=0$.\n",
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"\n",
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"- Assumes $f$ is continuous on $[a,b]$ with $f(a)f(b)<0$.\n",
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